The syllabus contains two Sections – A
and B. Section – A pertains to the Theory Part having 80% weightage,
while Section – B contains Practical Component (Experimental Skills)
having 20% weightage.
SECTION – A
UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
Physics, technology and society, S I
units, Fundamental and derived units. Least count, accuracy and
precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of
Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
UNIT 2: KINEMATICS
Frame of reference. Motion in a straight
line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform
motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity Uniformly accelerated
motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly
accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and
Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector,
Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile
Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION
Force and Inertia, Newton’s First Law of
motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion; Impulse; Newton’s
Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its
applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications.
UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, workenergy theorem, power.
Potential energy of a spring,
conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative
forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNIT 5: ROTATIONAL MOTION
Centre of mass of a two-particle system,
Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion;
moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular
momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration.
Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel
and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body
rotation, equations of rotational motion.
UNIT 6: GRAVITATION
The universal law of gravitation.
Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy;
gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a
satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain
relationship, Hooke’s Law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of
rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its
applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and
turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli’s principle and its
applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of
contact,application of surface tension – drops, bubbles and capillary
rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity,
calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction,
convection and radiation, Newton’s law of cooling.
UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of
thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work and internal energy.
First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible
and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work
doneon compressing a gas.Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept
of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas
molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of
energy,applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free
path, Avogadro’s number.
UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
Periodic motion – period, frequency,
displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic
motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring
-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. – kinetic and
potential energies; Simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its
time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.
Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse
waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave.
Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves
in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats,
Doppler effect in sound
UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS
Electric charges: Conservation of
charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces between
multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge
distribution.
Electric field: Electric field due to a
point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due
to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its
applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged
straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for
a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential
surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges
in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics
and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in
series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with
and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a
capacitor.
UNIT 12: CURRRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s
law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I
characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, Electrical energy and
power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and
parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of
resistance. Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential
difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in
parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge,
Metre bridge. Potentiometer – principle and its applications.
UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM
Biot – Savart law and its application to
current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to
infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a
moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in
a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying
conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in
uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and
its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid,
magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances.
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.
UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s
law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual
inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating
current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit,
resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC
generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays).
Applications of e.m. waves.
UNIT 16: OPTICS
Reflection and refraction of light at
plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection
and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens
Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in
contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifyingpowers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’
principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle.
Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe
width. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes,
Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane
polarized light and Polaroids.
UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER ANDRADIATION
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric
effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of
particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI
Alpha-particle scattering experiment;
Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen
spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes,
isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays
and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass
defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number,
nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V
characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V
characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener
diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action,
characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common
emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND
and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
UNIT 20: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in
the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation, Need for modulation,
Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of
Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block
Diagram only).
SECTION –B
UNIT 21: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier callipers-its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale – mass of a given object by principle of moments.
5. Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
8. Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
10. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
11. Resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
12. Resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
13. Potentiometer –
(i) Comparison of emf of two primary cells.
(ii) Determination of internal resistance of a cell.
(ii) Determination of internal resistance of a cell.
14. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
15. Focal length of:
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(iii) Convex lens using parallax method.
(ii) Concave mirror, and
(iii) Convex lens using parallax method.
16. Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
17. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
18. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
19. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
20. Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
21. Identification of Diode, LED, Transistor, IC, Resistor, Capacitor from mixed collection of such items.
22. Using multimeter to:
(i) Identify base of a transistor
(ii) Distinguish between npn and pnp type transistor
(iii) See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED.
(iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC).
(ii) Distinguish between npn and pnp type transistor
(iii) See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED.
(iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC).
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